What is Formal Communication?
Formal communication is the process of conveying information, messages, or ideas between the organizations or professional settings in a way that is based on hierarchical structures, rules, and procedures. It is just the formal way and uses the official ways of communication. Formal communication usually takes place between workers who have known duties and tasks.
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What is Informal Communication?
The informal communication is the process of sharing, exchanging and sending messages or ideas among people within one organization or social group without using the formal structures of hierarchy and channels. It is reflected in the relaxed style, variability and personal relationships, instead of following fixed regulations or procedures.
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Formal Communication Vs Informal Communication
| Feature | Formal Communication | Informal Communication |
|---|---|---|
| Purpose | Convey official information and directives | Exchange personal or non-official information |
| Structure | Follows a predefined structure and format | Typically lacks a structured format |
| Language | Often uses professional or technical language | Uses casual language and colloquial expressions |
| Tone | Generally serious and professional | Relaxed and conversational |
| Channels | Utilizes formal channels such as memos, emails, meetings, reports, etc. | Occurs through informal channels such as face-to-face conversations, phone calls, text messages, social media, etc. |
| Audience | Typically involves superiors, colleagues, or clients within the organization | Usually involves friends, family, or coworkers on a personal level |
| Feedback | Formal feedback mechanisms are common and expected | Feedback may be more spontaneous and informal |
| Documentation | Often documented for legal or record-keeping purposes | Documentation is less common and may not be formalized |
| Decision Making | May influence organizational decisions and policies | May impact personal relationships or informal group dynamics |
Types of formal communication
1. Written Communication:
- Memorandum (Memo)
- Reports
- Letters
- Policies and Procedures
2. Verbal Communication:
- Meetings
- Presentations
- Briefings
- Interviews
3. Official Documentation:
- Contracts
- Agendas and Minutes
- Organizational Chart
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Types of Informal Communication
- Single strand
- Gossip chain
- Probability chain
- Cluster chain
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FAQs
Informal communication occurs outside official channels, often spontaneously, and can include casual conversations, gossip, or unofficial discussions among colleagues.
Yes, informal communication can sometimes become formal if it is documented or brought into official discussions, meetings, or channels.
Formal communication is required in situations that need documentation, official decisions, regulatory compliance, or structured feedback mechanisms.
Informal communication contributes to the development of an organizational culture by promoting social interactions, team bonding, and a sense of community among employees.
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